Sociodemographic attributes included racial care about-group (light or low-white age.g. black, brown, reddish, otherwise local), host to home (metropolitan or rural), schooling (0–4, 5–8, 9–11, otherwise ? 12 years), and monthly household earnings per capita from inside the tertiles (lowest, center, or highest). The newest urban–rural class try in line with the tips employed by brand new Brazilian Institute out of Topography and Statistics (inside the Portuguese, IBGE) in 2010 populace census out-of administrative limits set-out because of the local legislation. Inside per municipality’s borders, such regional regulations establish a fictional range entitled “metropolitan edge”. Brand new census tracts receive within the “metropolitan edge” is called metropolitan, whereas Sibirya kadД±n datiing the rest of the areas try designated outlying. The other pointers was acquired as a result of a face-to-face interview during the participant’s house.
Anthropometric variables
Height was measured in centimeters (cm) using a portable vertical stadiometer (NutriVida®, Brazil) with the participants barefoot with legs and feet parallel, weight distributed on both feet, arms relaxed at the sides, palms facing the body, and head in the Frankfurt horizontal plane. Weight was measured in kilograms (kg) using a portable digital scale (SECA®, Germany) with participants barefoot. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio between weight in kilograms (kg) and height in square meters (m 2 ). BMI cutoff points were based on the World Health Organization recommendation: underweight (< 18.5> 94 cm in men and > 80 cm in women were considered “increased” since they are associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications . All anthropometric variables were measured twice during the home visit by trained interviewers and the mean of the measurements was used in the analyses. Further information can be seen in the handbook on the survey homepage (
Statistical research
Additionally, we provided information on the most prevalent chronic diseases diagnosed by a physician in our sample. Secondly, fractional polynomial regression models were fitted to estimate the percentiles (P5, P10, P20, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P95) of HGS by age group and sex. This method provides smooth centile curves and explicit formulae for the percentile estimates. Diagnostic tests were used to evaluate the model fit (normal plot of the Z-scores, Shapiro–Wilk test, and residuals plot). The model was fitted by maximum likelihood, which accounts for non-normal skewness and/or kurtosis in the data . Thirdly, HGS centile curves for men and women were plotted in charts. Finally, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models separate for men and women were created to investigate the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables associated with muscle weakness, being estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI. Variables with p < 0.20>
Efficiency
Figure 1 describes the flow chart of the participants throughout the study. Our analytical sample was composed of 7905 participants aged 50–101 years (63.1 ± 9.1 years): 3162 men (63.2 ± 8.7 years) and 4743 women (63.1 ± 9.4 years). The excluding participants were similar to including participants regarding sex (p = 0.092), schooling (p = 0.813), and monthly household income per capita (p = 0.189) but tended to be older (? 80 years: 11.8% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p < 0.001).
The characteristics of the study people of the sex is seen into the Table 1. In sexes, very members was low-white, lived-in this new town, had 0–4 numerous years of education, and you may showed increased hips width. Towards Body mass index, over weight is the most frequent category for males (42.9%), when you find yourself fat and you will obesity got nearly equivalent wavelengths for women (thirty six.9% and you may 35.4%, respectively). From chronic problems, 44.1% out of professionals reported that have a healthcare medical diagnosis out of arterial blood pressure levels, 17.4% out-of all forms of diabetes mellitus, 11.5% regarding osteoporosis, 7.4% of cardiovascular system disorder (angina, myocardial infarction, and you may heart inability), and you will 5.7% from breathing infection (symptoms of asthma and you may persistent obstructive pulmonary state).
